MUDGAPARNI (Whole Plant)
Mudgaparni consists of dried whole plant of Vigna trilobata (L.) Verde. Syn. Phaseolus trilobus Ait. (Fam. Fabacem), a prostrate or twining perennial herb, found wild, but also occasionally cultivated throughout the country as a forage crop.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Suryaparni, Saha
Assamese : —
Bengali : Muganee
English : —
Gujrati : Janglee Maga
Hindi : Janglee Mung
Kannada : Abaregid
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Kattuppayaru
Marathi : Ranmug
Oriya : —
Punjabi : Mugvan
Tamil : Kattuppayaru, Panippayavu
Telugu : Pilla pesara
Urdu : —
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Root – Occurs in 2.5 to 15.0 cm long, 0.1 or 0.2 cm thick; cylindrical pieces, external surface brownish-grey, rough due to secondary roots; fracture, fibrous.
Stem – Occurs in 12.0 to 55.0 cm long, 0.1 or 0.2 cm thick pieces, more or less cylindrical, grooved, slender, glabrous, pale green; fracture, fibrous
Leaf – Leaves alternate, pinnately trifoliate, petioled; leaflets palmately 3-lobed; 1.3 to 2.5 cm long; mid lobe large, obovate spathulate, lateral lobe oblique and small, margin ciliate, apiculate, pale green in colour.
Flower – Sessile or very shortly pedicelled; small, yellow with conspicuous persistent bracts and bracteole; calyx, gamosepalous, campanulate, 1 or 2 mm long, pale yellow, five toothed; corolla papilionaceous.
Fruit – A pod; 2.5 to 6 or 7 cm long, 3 mm thick; greyish-black; linear or rarely oblong, torose, subcylindrical, smooth glabrous, recurved or reflexed, 6 to 12 seeded.
Seed – Grey, smooth, with 2 punctate, shortly linear hilum and without strophiole.
b) Microscopic
Root – Shows a wavy outline, having single layered epidermis, consisting of thick walled, parenchymatous cells, covered by thick cuticle; secondary cortex composed of 3 to 6 layered, thin-walled, oval to polygonal, parenchymatous cells; peri cyclic fibres are present in a discontinuous ring; vascular bundles arranged in a ring; secondary phloem composed of thin-walled cells with brownish contents; secondary xylem consisting of usual elements; radially arranged, lignified, vessels with pitted or reticulate thickening, followed by pith consisting of thin-walled, oval to polygonal, parenchymatous cells.
Stem – Shows a more or less wavy outline; epidermis single layered consisting of thin walled, parenchymatous cells; secondary cortex consisting of 2 to 5 layers collenchyrnatous and 1 or 2 layers of parenchymatous thin walled cells; peri cycle present in form of a discontinuous ring; vascular bundles arranged in a ring; secondary phloem consisting of compactly arranged, thick-walled cells, having usual elements traversed by phloem rays; secondary xylem composed of usual elements; lignified vessels radially arranged, showing pitted and spiral thickenings; crystal fibres absent; xylem fibres moderately thick walled with narrow lumen and blunt tips, central region occupied by pith consisting of thin-walled, circular, parenchymatous cells.
Leaf-
Midrib – shows single layered epidermis having a few unicellular, pointed hairs on both surfaces, 6 or 7 layers, polygonal collenchyma cells on upper and 5 or 6 layers, thick walled, collenchyma on lower surface; a single layered thick-walled, lignified polygonal, sclerenchymatous cells present on either side of ‘C’ shaped vascular bundle having usual elements.
Lamina – isobilateral, shows single layered, elongated, baloon-shaped, thin-walled,epidermis cells on both surfaces, a few unicellular hairs similar as in midrib present on both surfaces; stomata paracytic, present on both surfaces; palisade 2 or 3 layered on upper epidermis, 1 or 2 layered on lower epidermis; palisade ratio 6 or 7 on lower surface, 7 or 8 on upper surface; vein islet number 34 to 45; veinlet termination number 20 to 33; stomatal index, 30 to 36 per sq. mm on lower surfaces, 20 to 27 per sq. mm on upper surface.
Seed – Shows testa consisting of 2 or 3 layered, thick-walled, elongated, lignified stone cells having striations and narrow lumen; cotyledon composed of oval to polygonal, thin walled, parenchymatous cells.
Powder – Light greyish-green; shows fragments of parenchyma, unicellular pointed broken hairs; lignified, simple pitted, reticulate or spiral vessels; paracytic stomata, epidermal cells in surface view with wavy outline.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 11.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 3 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 11 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of alcoholic extract on Silica Gel ‘G’ using n-Butanol : Acetic acid: Water (4:1:5) shows under UV (366 nm) five fluorescent zones at Rf. 0.35, 0.42, 0.58, 0.70 and 0.82 (all blue). On exposure to Iodine vapour six spots appear at Rf. 0.30, 0.42, 0.50, 0.58,0.70 and 0.82 (all yellow). On spraying with 5% Methanolic-Sulphuric acid reagent and on heating the plate for ten munutes at 105o C five spots appear at Rf. 0.30, 0.42, 0.58, 0.70 and 0.82 (all yellow).
CONSTITUENTS – Sterols.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura, Tikta
Guna : Laghu, Ruksa
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Madhura
Karma : Pittahara, Sukrala, Caksusya, Kaphahara, Rasayana, Visaghna, Sukradosahara, Garbhasthapana
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Mahanarayana Taila, Amrtaprasa Ghrta, Asoka Ghrta, Vidaryadi Ghrta, Dhanvantara Taila, Brahma Rasayana, Bala Taila, Ratnagiri Rasa
THERAPEUTIC USES – Jvara, Kasa, Krmi, Ksaya, Kustha, Pradara, Vatarakta, Daha, Pitta Daha, Musika Visa, Ksata Sotha, Madya Trsna.
DOSE – 3-5 gm.
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